Karyotyping done for patients for Academic Significance include:

1. Sex Chromatin
2. Karyotyping to identify numerical errors

• • Normal male (46 XY)
  • Normal female (46XX)
  • Downs Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
  • Turners Syndrome (45XO)
  • Klinefelters Syndrome (47XXY)
  • True Hermaphrodites (46XX & 46XY )
  • Mosaic (46XX/45XO , 46XY/45XO…?)
  • Male Pseudo Hermaphrodites (46 XY )
  • Female Pseudo Hermaphrodites(46 XX)

       3. Genetic Counseling